![]() In many countries, toward the facilitation of a smooth transition, an outgoing president accepts advice from and consults with the president-elect. ![]() In more recent history, US President Bill Clinton was widely criticized for issuing 140 pardons and other acts of executive clemency on his last day in office, including two former close colleagues, donors, fellow Democratic members, and his own half-brother. Such actions date back to the Judiciary Act of 1801 ("Midnight Judges Act"), in which Federalist President John Adams and the outgoing 6th Congress amended the Judiciary Act to create more federal judge seats for Adams to appoint and the Senate to confirm before the Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated and the Democratic-Republican majority 7th Congress convened. Examples include last-minute midnight regulations issued by executive agencies of outgoing US presidential administrations and executive orders issued by outgoing presidents. However, lame ducks are also in the peculiar position of not facing the consequences of their actions in a subsequent election, giving them greater freedom to issue unpopular decisions or appointments. economy suffered as thousands of banks failed. After the election, Roosevelt refused Hoover's requests for a meeting to come up with a joint program to stop the crisis and calm investors, claiming it would limit his options, and as this "guaranteed that Roosevelt took the oath of office amid such an atmosphere of crisis that Hoover had become the most hated man in America". One example was the 146 day–long presidential transition period (November 8, 1932, to March 4, 1933) at the end of Herbert Hoover's presidency, prior to the start of the Franklin D. Lame duck officials tend to have less political power, as other elected officials are less inclined to cooperate with them. the abolition of the office, which must nonetheless be served out until the end of the official's term.a term limit which prevents the official from running for that particular office again.choosing not to seek another term, which would start at the expiration of the current term.
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